The Nuiances of Topics for Exploratory Essay

The Nuiances of Topics for Exploratory Essay Topics for Exploratory Essay Features Exploratory essay differs from the bulk of other kinds of academic writing because its very name presupposes that you pass through unknown territory and ought to discover your own way within it. Put simply, an exploratory essay has a broader scope. Every exploratory essay is written not just to help readers learn new things and enhance their knowledge, but also to offer you exactly the same benefit. Creating an exploratory essay might appear tricky or complicated but in fact it's not if you know the fundamental rules of its composition. The Ultimate Topics for Exploratory Essay Trick You're totally free to consider different perspectives on the topic dependent on the resources utilised in research. An exploratory essay is a typical procedure in organizations when they're taking a look at a sure issue from various perspectives and attempt to collect as much information on the subject since it's technically possible. Afterward, you can develop your standpoint depending on the relative weights of the various perspectives from your research on the subject. Therefore, if you'd like to have nontrivial expository essay topic that necessitates thorough research, choose something which refers to a technological subject of study. The Little-Known Secrets to Topics for Exploratory Essay Conduct Some Preliminary Research and Create an Essay Outline Assuming you've picked a topic you're really interested in knowing more about, you're prepared to begin your research. History is a subject that's compulsory for students of at virtually every major. Don't forget, your target is to inform and educate your audience. When you get a well-formulated topic, it's a half success of your final writing. Your aim is to instruct the reader. The overarching purpose of the exploratory essay isn't to make the targeted audience share your views. There are several interesting exploratory essay topics to select from. Exploratory essays are interesting academic assignments since they differ from different types. They are among the more difficult essay types to write about. More exploratory essay topic tips for college Whatever your reasons for writing an exploratory essay might be, the research is the most essential phase of the approach. Find relevant and dependable sources of information you will use in your essay. The data and the information that you put in the exploratory essay has to be accurate. If you're overwhelmed with too many exploratory essay topics, we'll aid you in every scenario. The majority of the time it's requested to write a special type of essay on a random topic or maybe to identify what sort of essay is it. When selecting an exploratory essay topic, an individual should maintain an objective viewpoint and keep a neutral tone. The choice you make in relation to the topic will determine whether your essay gets you good grades. Exploratory essay ideas are not easy to come by, but there's an incredible assortment of topics you can select from. Select the category that you're interested in the most and find the best ideas from it. You should answer several questions when picking your topic. As you're totally free to move from 1 topic to another, a standard theme is still essential. It's possible to write about just about any topic you want. Select one topic that you're knowledgeable about, and comfortable with. New Ideas Into Topics for Exploratory Essay Never Before Revealed Don't neglect to include quotes when speaking about a specific supply of information which you use. So, it's not in any way surprising that a lot of them confuse exploratory papers with argumentative ones. In case you're looking for exploratory essay examples, feel free to go to our site today. You might also need to check at a few examples of quality exploratory research papers. Topics for Exploratory Essay - Overview You don't have to be a specialist on the subject, but you need to dedicate the time and effort to explore it in-depth. The student is still to analyze unique faces of the exact argument, but the ultimate objecti ve is to discover a way to solve the problem that would be the absolute most efficient one. Your aim is to make the readers follow the stream of your ideas and positions based on your subject matter, and produce the exact same conclusion. There's no purpose of persuading anyone and no need in researching the topic beforehand.

Should Animals Be Kept Zoos - 1466 Words

In the modern society, zoos are almost indispensable places in cities for people to visit, and going to the zoo is a favorite activity for children and families. There is a general argument about whether animals should be kept in zoos. Some people think that animals should be kept in the zoos for the zoos not only provide a safe and certified place for the animals, but also afford chances for humans to learn a lot about animals so that we can realize the importance of protecting animals. Other people are against their opinions and insist that keeping animals in zoos is a wrong choice. They think that we don t have the rights to trap animals in zoos and strip their freedom. As one coin has two sides, we can’t say that it’s an actual good thing that keeping animals in zoos, but we can’t deny that zoos bring many benefits to us either. Keeping animals in zoos or not should be considered comprehensively. Nonetheless, I think animals should enjoy their life in the nat ure instead of being trapped in the zoos. One reason for the animals should be raised in zoos is that zoos can protect animals and provide them enough resources. There is a fact that â€Å"there are 2,464 animals and 2,104 plants that have been labelled ‘critically endangered’ and therefore face a high risk of extinction in the wild† (Staff). As we all know, thousands of kinds of animals have disappeared from the earth forever, and many species are threatened today. They may be killed for their fur and features byShow MoreRelatedShould Animals be kept in Zoos1644 Words   |  7 Pages They tend to live longer in zoos Animals live longer in zoos than they do in the wild they get the necessary care and food they need to live a very healthy lifestyle. Lets say if an animal was sick in the wild nine times out of ten they would die or be killed by a predator but if an animal got sick in the zoo it will have a more likely chance of survival because of vetinarians on standby. Posted by: Anonymous Report Post Like Reply 0 0 Extinct in Wild Read MoreShould Animals Be Kept in Zoos?1654 Words   |  7 PagesZoos are the places where animals are kept. Some people argue that animals shall not be kept in zoos as they deserve freedom. Zoos cannot provide them with enough space, therefore, they cannot run around so as to grow up freely. On the other hand, some people argue that animals should be kept in zoos. Nowadays, forests and mountains have been cut down by people. If we leave animals alone, they might have nowhere to find food and nowhere to live. It is for the sake of the animals themselves thatRead MoreShould Animals Be Kept? Zoos?1672 Words   |  7 PagesShould Animals be Kept in Zoos? Ken provides a look at animal population, â€Å"‘If half the animals died in London zoo next week it would be front page news. But that is happening in the great outdoors.’ Ken Norris, director of science at the Zoological Society of London, to The Guardian† (â€Å"Half-Empty†). This quote brings into question, zoos. What are zoos? What do they do? Should animals be kept in zoos!? Zoos in general are establishments that maintains a collection of wild animals, typically in aRead MoreEssay on Should Animals Be Kept in the Zoo?1139 Words   |  5 PagesAnimals play an important role of human life. Wild animal is a kind that normally lives in the wild, for example: elephants, tigers, rhinos and many others. They live in the wild with spacious and natural environment, however many humans kept them in the zoo, as an attraction for the sake of the money. They didn’t think of the wild animals habitat, and there are some problems arise from keeping them in cages. The shock of being in captivity would depress the animals; they would even act hystericallyRead MoreWhy Animals Should Not Be Kept919 Words   |  4 PagesWhy animals should not be kept in zoos? Zoos have been a place for human entertainment since such a long time that it is now widely considered a tradition, giving the pleasure of a wholesome family activity. However, it is also crucial to note that zoos violate the rights of animals to live freely in their natural habitat, upsetting the balance of nature. This paper argues why animals should not be kept in zoos, and also tries to refute various counterarguments which claim that zoos are good forRead MoreEssay on Prisoners Without Choice955 Words   |  4 Pagesgo on a trip to the zoo, it can be assumed that they do not think about much more than what they can see. Signals that make zoos unfair and sometimes unbearable for the captive animals are not visible to most spectators. This essay will explain how zoos are unjust and should not be supported. Animals should not be held captive due their negative behavioral changes, lack of natural habitat and the zoos failure to effectively preserve endangered species. Even though zoos try to imitate the naturalRead MoreAre Zoos Good or Bad for Animals?1132 Words   |  5 PagesStarting thousands of years ago, zoos attracted large crowds around the world (Fravel). Because of that, everyone today has seen, been to, or heard of a zoo at least once in their lifetime. However, people are missing valuable information that they need to know about zoos today. Do the zoos really do what most people think? There are 2,400 animal enclosures licensed by the U. S. Department of Agriculture, however only 212 are under strict requirements from the American Zoo and Aquarium Association (AZA);Read MorePros And Cons Of Animals In Zoos905 Words   |  4 Pages Have you ever been to a zoo? If you have then you may or may not have noticed how badly the animals are treated. Many zoos around the world are mistreating animals and the public has no idea about it. Zoos are very unfair to animals. Would you want to be stuck in a small area for your whole life when you could be roaming free in the wild somewhere? Probably not. Well, that is what happens to most animals in a zoo. It is completely unfair! Animals do not deserve to be in such small areas. It canRead MoreZoo Animal Mistreatment648 Words   |  3 Pages Zoo Animal Mistreatment Have you ever been to the zoo? Dont you love to see all of the beautiful and exotic animals? I always loved seeing all the different reptiles, even though I’m terrified of snakes. Whenever I visit zoos, always in the back of my mind, I would think that this is wrong. Keeping animals locked up with no freedom whats-so-ever. Animals should be out in the wild, running free, and being themselves. They should not be caged up or should they be forced to perform forRead MoreShould Zoos Be Shut Down756 Words   |  4 PagesModern people are familiar with zoos because it is a place where most of people get the knowledge of wild animals and natural environment. With the upturn of living standard, zoo has become a necessary facility of a city. However, controversies about whether the zoo should be shut down or not have become more and more serious. The objective of this essay is to find a solution of this problem. Both the supportive and opposed opinions will be discussed and a conclu sion will be given at the end of this

Values and Ideals by Society Members †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Values and Ideals by Society Members. Answer: Introduction: The given dilemma needs to be analysed in respect to the ACS code of ethics and professional conduct principles. This would enable determination of the appropriate action in the given case. In the given case, Pradip has been hired as an HR manager by Trans Australia Solutions. However, even though the availability of contractor and manpower has significantly improved after his arrival but he sources contractor through a HR firm named Job 4Uwhich is owned by his wife. When confronted by the company management, Pradip highlights that the savings due to prompt availability of manpower is in excess of the incremental staff costs incurred. Any member of ACS is supposed to behave or discharge duties in a manner which is consistent with the ACS code of ethics and professional conduct. Three values which are of significance in the given case with regards to conduct of Pradip are honesty, primacy of public interest along with professionalism. Honesty implies that the concerned member would be truthful to the stakeholders in particular the employer and also would not behave in a manner that leads to some inducement. Also, primacy of public interest implies that in case of any conflict of interest, the concerned member should be driven by public interest and not his/her self or personal interest (ACS, 2014). Further as part of professional conduct, the members are supposed to behave in manner which tends to provide higher opportunities for the others to develop. The above three aspects are clearly lacking in this case on part of Pradip. He did not acted honesty and aimed to serve his self-interest by ensuring that contractor s are hired only from the above mentioned agency and not otherwise. Further, for contractors who approached directly, barrier to hiring was created by Pradip. Hence, the conduct was in violation of the above ACS values management. Certain clauses of ACS professional conduct are also relevant to this discussion. The following clauses are significant (ACS, nd). Inform advice the employer in case of any potential conflict of interest faced by concerned employee. The member would protect the interest of the employer by acting in a competent manner. The member is supposed to offer honest opinions in relation to various matters. The member should not force others to act in a manner which violates the ACS guidelines. The member would not knowingly engage in practices that violate the ACS code. It is apparent the Pradip is in violation of the above clauses of professional conduct as he did not inform about the conflict of interest and also did not seek advice. Infact, he seek to use his authority in a manner so as to benefit from the arrangement and directed the contractors to be hired only from the firm owned by his wife. Conclusion Pradip has acted in manner which is not befitting a member belonging to the ACS fraternity and hence strict action must be taken against him both by the employer and also the ACS. Reference ACS (2014), ACS Code of Professional Conduct Professional Standards Board Australian Computer Society, Australian Computer Society, [Online] Available at https://www.acs.org.au/content/dam/acs/acs-documents/ACS%20Code-of-Professional-Conduct_v2.1.pdf [Accessed November 3 2017] ACS (n.d.), Values and Ideals subscribed to by Society Members, Australian Computer Society, [Online] Available at https://courses.cs.vt.edu/professionalism/WorldCodes/Australia.Code.html [Accessed November 3 2017]

The Scarlet Letter Essay Research Paper If free essay sample

The Scarlet Letter Essay, Research Paper If one is to read Nathaniel Hawthorne s novel The Scarlet Letter, they will forever retrieve the singular narrative of a adult female who succeeds against all odds. It inordinately describes the life and times of early Puritan settlers in America and the wickedness of criminal conversation. The inquiry of morality and its positive and negative effects is at the really nucleus of this narrative. Is one dark of wickedness worth a life-time of adversities? I. Drumhead Hester Prynne, a member of a one time flush and comfortable household, was arranged to get married a doctor by the name of Roger Chillingworth. Although non out of love, they are married and unrecorded successful lives in Amsterdam. When they finally decide to settle in America, Hester is set on in front of Roger so that he may complete his concern in Amsterdam. Hester does non hear from her hubby for two old ages, and many people conceive of his being lost at sea. We will write a custom essay sample on The Scarlet Letter Essay Research Paper If or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hester so falls in love with another adult male and they have a kid together. She is found guilty of perpetrating criminal conversation and is sentenced to stand keeping her kid before Boston on a scaffold for three hours. She is interrogated as to who her fellow evildoer is, but she remains strong. Many adult females of the town believe that Hester s punishment is non rough plenty and hence, she is marked with the missive A upon her thorax. She is returned to her prison cell and a physician is summoned to assist quiet her. The physician turns out to be her lost hubby, Chillingworth, and he makes Hester promise to neer uncover that he is her hubby. She does so in return for the secretiveness of the name of the adult male who is the male parent of her girl, Pearl. Finally, Hester settles down with Pearl in a little bungalow and leads a fundamentally normal life as a dressmaker. Pearl turns out to be a really curious kid with a disobedient attitude towards life. She is imp-like in vis ual aspect and many people believe that she could be a bad influence on their comfy Puritan town. With hearing talk that Pearl may be taken off from her, she goes to the Governor Bellingham s office in order to speak him into allowing her maintain the kid. Bellingham is displeased with Pearl s attitude of the church and Puritanism, and hence decides to take her off. Merely before he does, Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale stairss in and negotiations Bellingham out of it. Chillingworth witnesses all of this and is surprised to see how strongly Dimmesdale defends Hester and Pearl. Late one dark, after fighting with his guilt, Dimmesdale goes to the centre of the town and stands upon the scaffold, squealing his guilt. Purportedly, no 1 witnesses this as Hester and Pearl join him. Abruptly, Pearl points into the shadows where they could do out the image of Roger Chillingworth. Yet another dark, while Dimmesdale is kiping, Chillingworth notices a unusual grade on the Reverend s thorax. All of t hese incidents, along with Dimmesdale s neglecting wellness, ( which Chillingworth deems to be a consequence of terrible guilt ) provide him with more than adequate information to do a leap to who is Pearl s biological male parent. While Chillingworth continues to take joy in watching Dimmesdale s physical devolution, Hester feels she must assist him and hence asks Chillingworth to let her to uncover him as her hubby. One twenty-four hours, Hester stops Dimmesdale in the forests and announces that Chillingworth is her hubby. She tells him to travel to Boston and get down a new life. Dimmesdale says that he shall, but non entirely. So Hester tells him, Thou shalt non travel entirely! They become aroused about get downing a new life together, and Hester throws her red missive amidst the trees and calls for Pearl. Pearl refuses to come to her female parent because she is non have oning the vermilion A, which confuses Pearl. To pacify Pearl, Hester once more attaches the missive to her thorax. At Election Day, ( when the new governor is inaugurated ) Dimmesdale gives a superb address but seems really weak. Returning from the church, he collapses, so regains his balance and continues frontward. He makes it to the scaffold, and with the aid of Hester, he climbs it to confront the town. He cries out that he is the true male parent of Pearl. He tears his shirt unfastened to uncover a vermilion missive A blazed upon his thorax. His confession is what finally sets his psyche free and conquers the evil Chillingworth. After the go throughing off of Dimmesdale, Chillingworth has nil to keep his hungering for retaliation, and thereby dies shortly after. His money and ownerships are left to Pearl, who has now become a lady, unlike her former diabolic ego. She and her female parent travel on to take comfy Li degree Fahrenheits in England and so in Boston after they return in a figure of old ages. Hester and Pearl become outstanding Boston townspeople, and live their last old ages in peace. II. Correspondence to U.S. History The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne does an first-class occupation of explicating the early Puritan settlements of America and the settler s life styles. It describes their rigorous faith and intolerance for those who did non stay by it. The chief country of description is the Puritan position on criminal conversation. The Puritans were an highly spiritual people with even their name connoting that they were pure. The Bible was their usher for life, as they were frequently called people of the book. Both the political and the spiritual facets of Puritan society were ruled by morality. The Puritan universe position was a society with high moral criterions such as honestness, soberness, duty, and difficult work. To acquire to heaven, the Puritans felt one must understand God. One should take to populate a life the manner God intended you to. Adultery was considered one of the worst possible offenses that one could perpetrate, under the 7th comma ndment. The Puritans frequently imprisoned, whipped, or executed those who went against the word of the Bible. Some people, such as Anne Hutchinson and Thomas Hooker were banished from their places everlastingly. The Scarlet Letter explicitly discusses the Puritan s belief in the 7th amendment and criminal conversation. As most would reason, the vermilion missive A stands for criminal conversation. Through prominence and repeat, both the missive and Pearl come to typify her wickedness of criminal conversation. As the book illustrates, Hester is imprisoned for her offense of criminal conversation, forced to stand in forepart of the town and take their ridicule, and required to have on a vermilion missive A upon her thorax. The full book revolves around her and Dimmesdale s wickedness. This was a wickedness non taken lightly in early America. From the beginning of the book, Hester is brought to the scaffold to stand and bear ridicule for three hours. The adult females of the town do n on believe this to be a rough plenty punishment and therefore, she is branded with the missive A marked on her thorax. Some townspeople even believed that executing would be the right solution, but the justice looked upon her good behaviour old to the incident and lightened the sentence. This all goes to demo how serious of a offense this was looked at in the beginning of America. The alteration in beliefs of offenses such as criminal conversation from Early America to the present is amazing. In the 20th century, criminal conversation may be frowned upon, but it is an mundane happening and the idea of executing has ceased to come in anyone s head. Possibly some of the Puritan s Torahs were excessively rigorous, but partners should set away more attempt in maintaining their matrimonies successful. It s a lifetime committedness and it should be honored. Americans have lost their finding to hold successful matrimonies. This rapid impairment seems really damaging to America s hereafter and the households within it. III. Reaction The Scarlet Letter is an astonishing novel. In no other book have I seen as far into the heads of the lead characters. Hawthorne s usage of symbols and romanticism are exceeding. Anyone interested in early colonisation of America and the settler s relationship with their church should read this book. I was drawn in from the beginning with the description of the prison and Hester herself. I was brought through the remainder of the book with graphic descriptions of the characters and their environments. Although some chapters dragged on, ( the 1s with perfectly no duologue ) many of them moved along rapidly and were really dramatic. Although I must hold missed many of Hawthorne s symbols and their significances, the 1s I did catch were outstanding. Although some were really obvious, such as Hester s vermilion A, many were easy to lose, such as the Sun typifying guilt-free satisfaction. The overall secret plan makes this fresh such a chef-doe uvre. A adult female is lonely, and with her hubby losing she has one dark of iniquitous passion for which she pays for for the remainder of her life. Her hubby comes back and finally putting to deaths of her lover through guilt and anguish. He so dies because he no longer has anyone to take his retaliation on. I believe this to be a phenomenal apparatus for a narrative. Reasoning this analysis, The Scarlet Letter is a brilliant book and history categories around the state should utilize it as a acquisition assistance. It is a authoritative narrative of a adult female prevailing over her mistake in life and wining when it wasn t idea possible. Once you are trapped in this novel, it is highly hard to go untangled.

Research Proposal Thesis, Major Points, and Plan essayEssay Writing Service

Research Proposal Thesis, Major Points, and Plan essayEssay Writing Service Research Proposal Thesis, Major Points, and Plan essay Research Proposal Thesis, Major Points, and Plan essayChild welfare regulations are essential for the maintenance of the high standards of living for all children, regardless of their social background.Thesis statement: the existing child welfare regulations need changes because they have to be enhanced to provide all children with equal opportunities to have normal standards of living that meet the national average standards of living.Major points:The child welfare is essential for the maintenance of the healthy social environment, where children could grow and have access to basic public goods, including education and health care services.Today, many children are sill deprived of basic welfare benefits and cannot maintain the standards of living that mean the nation average.Existing child welfare programs still cannot close persisting gaps between children living in low income families and in the middle- and upper-class families.Literature reviewExisting studies reveal the fact tha t the current situation in the child welfare is quite challenging for children living in low income families. In this regard, the major problem existing child welfare program face is the shortage of financial resources to fund the programs and to provide either financial support for children and related programs.At the same time, many researchers (Solomon George, 1999) insist that the existing child welfare programs need consistent improvements to create equal opportunities for all children. Some researchers (Gauthier, 1996) point out that children in immigrant families have particularly significant difficulties because they may fail to enroll in the child welfare programs but they suffer from the lack of financial resources in their families. In addition, they have difficulties with the low language competence and cultural gaps.MethodsThe proposed study will involve social workers, policy makers and parents of children enrolled or counting on the child welfare programs. In such a way, the study will involve key stakeholders that will help to find out the effectiveness of the existing child welfare programs and possible ways to improve those programs. Subjects of the study will be selected randomly, regardless of their age, gender, social status, cultural and ethnic background. However, parents of children enrolled in welfare programs are likely to represent minority communities because children living in those communities are in the most difficult position and often they are either enrolled or count on the enrollment into the child welfare programs.Questionnaires and interviews will comprise the core of the methodology used in the course of the current study, interviews and questionnaires will developed for three groups of participants, including social workers, policy makers and parents of children enrolled or counting on the enrolment into the child welfare programs.FindingsFindings of the study are likely to prove findings of other researchers (), who rev eal the low effectiveness of the existing child welfare programs. At the same time, the study is likely to uncover possible ways to improve the existing child welfare programs due to the involvement of key stakeholders, who know the problem of the contemporary child welfare programs from within.DiscussionThe discussion part will include the detailed analysis of findings of the study with the revelation of possible ways for the improvement of the child welfare program along with the revelation of implications for further studies.ConclusionThe conclusion part will sum up key findings of the study and its implications.

Top 20 Best Summer Jobs for Recent Graduates

Top 20 Best Summer Jobs for Recent Graduates looking for a way to maximize your hireability come graduation time? the best strategy is to get a job or an internship related to the field you want to work in. but if that isn’t an option for you, then you want to maximize learning stuff and making money- while still leaving you time to, you know, have a summer. some of the most successful people in the world have a story or two about the crappy job they worked over a summer or two of their adolescence. here are 20  of the best possible options for you to mull over as you dust off your summer wardrobe:sales- no matter what you’re selling, these skills will come seriously in handy over the course of your career.post office worker- this one comes with surprisingly good pay, and guaranteed time outdoors!national park servicescamp counselors- pay isn’t great, but accommodation and food (and beautiful natural surroundings!) are usually freeresort or country club- you get paid to be by the beach or the pool or the golf course.tour guiderestaurant jobsweb designtutoring- set your own hours and make bank.telemarketing- same as sales; you do have to be that annoying person on the phone, but if you have a knack for it, you’ll  earn a lot of cash.campus jobs/working in the labs or libraries- check your university for openings.construction workervaletpet and house sittingwriting articles for sites that will pay youconvention worker- anything cool coming to your town? get involved.landscapinglifeguardsdog walkerbarista

Changes in the United States after the Civil War Research Paper

Changes in the United States after the Civil War - Research Paper Example These changes are visible in political, economic as well as social fields. A new scenario was visible during this war, which had eventually changed the life of the citizens. The causes of the war are numerous, but fortunately, the changes that took place thereafter proved to be more positive than those the earlier wars had brought. This paper addresses the changes within the country after the Civil War. Thesis Statement: The American Civil War gained individuals their rights and freedom as well as brought about many economical changes that helped to shape America. The causes of Civil War were identified to be numerous but the main causes among them were found to be slavery, economic and social differences within the country, issues regarding rights of the states, and the election of Abraham Lincoln. The economic and social differences between the southern and northern parts of the country also contributed to the war, as the latter region was characterized by industrialization and urb anization while the former was an agrarian economy. The industrialized northern part had an advantage over the other and, thus, they won the war. The country’s rights were limited as the federal government enjoyed more power and this induced a protest against the federal government, therefore, causing the Civil War. ... 6). Economical Changes: The economic changes succeeding any war are found to be negative as the destruction caused by the war pull back the economic condition of a country since a huge amount of cost is involved. â€Å"The struggle to define the composition of â€Å"the people† and the republic in the new postwar and post-emancipation South was hardly settled by the American Civil War. But there was no going back. It was not just that slavery was abolished and the confederacy destroyed, but that the slaveholders’ stunning experiment in proslavery and antidemocratic nation building was over† (McCurry 2010, p. 361). Devastating economic changes were visible on both regions, but the southern part witnessed more destruction comparatively. The Civil War proved to be more costly, but later, economic transformation was mainly visible in the lives of planters, former slaves, and non slave whites. Mostly all the plantations in the southern region were destroyed in the war . Likewise, in the northern region, many big cities were destroyed including Richmond and Vicksburg. The youth labor force was less due to the atrocities of the war and therefore the country could offer only a weakened labor force. The economic condition of the country remained below the poverty line for several decades. The southern part still remained agrarian but the relation between the laborers and planters witnessed a change for the better. The major reason for this change was found to be abolition of slavery, which in turn led to a decrease in racial discrimination. The former black slaves who worked on lands owned by whites, after war, could work on their own lands. The economic changes were seen to be negative as the economic resources got destroyed during the war. Individual’s

Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 46

Discussion - Essay Example The law provides the direction to be used in paying workers that dedicate their extra hours in the business, better known as overtime (Beck, 2011). The wages and hours Act guides the business on employment of children below the required legal age. In this case, according to this act, children below 18 years should not be employed especially in risky jobs. In the agricultural sector, children below 16 years should not be employed to work during school days; instead, they should be given time to take their studies. One of the laws that has the biggest impact on business practices is the sexual harassment law. Initially, people thought that sexual harassment was only meant for women; however, a court decision happened to increase the scope of this law by including same-sex sexual harassment (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2014). This came after some male employees in an oil company complained of sexual harassment from other male employees, including unwanted touching and a crude sex play. This decision is important in business practices because it aims at punishing those people fond of sexually harassing fellow employees. Sometimes, people may want to perform certain activities without knowing the boundaries they should go. This decision spells the extent to which people should make their interactions in the work place. It is important to note that some laws can be actually outdated and have to be amended. Changing lifestyles often mean news ways of life in human societies and the same should be for their laws governing their existence (Brooks & Weatherston, 2011). For instance, the sexual harassment law was initially meant to protect the welfare of women employees at the work place. However, male employees have also reported sexual harassment form other male employees and even female employees, something that has necessitated its reform and amendment. The age

Technology and Society Essay Example for Free

Technology and Society Essay Has technology had a positive or negative affect towards society? Technology is a part of our everyday life. Almost everybody in our society uses technology. For example, it can either be your computer, phone, game console, iPod, television, and many more other devices. However, technology has had a lot of positive affects in the world, and it has also had many negative effects in the world. One example of how technology has had a positive effect in our society would be shown by the usage of your cell phone. The cell phone has helped had a positive effect in society by helping people communicate in a faster way. Instead of emailing somebody and waiting for a long reply, you can just text somebody and get a faster reply in a few seconds. Another way that technology has had a positive effect on society is described by the way people use the computer. You can use the computer to find out information by just typing it in on Google and finding out what you need instantly. One example of how technology has had a negative effect on our society would be shown by social media. Technology has had a negative effect on society through social media by causing people to get fired from their jobs, due to the fact of what they post up or write on their account. As you can see, those are a few examples of how technology has had some positive and negative effects in people’s everyday lives. Technology has increased over 18,000 times from 1971 to 2000. â€Å"Many people around the world has described the Internet to be a global equalizer. The reason that people around the world describe the Internet as a global equalizer is because the Internet provides a store of information to anybody who has access to the Internet all over the world† (4). These people around the world claim that the information that technology can provide benefits of a large city to other countries and rural communities around the entire world. Which is an example of why technology has had a much more of a positive effect than a negative effect on society. Science and technology has also had a grand effect on society. Science and technology both show how communication and knowledge have been increased in today’s world. It has shown a positive effect in society by an improving access to information, advancing medicine, and improving sanitation. Everyday new advances in science and technology are discovered and continue to be a big benefit to society. Technology has proved to be a positive and very effective throughout the twentieth century. In this century it has been shown by people being able to access information about varies subjects through the internet. By news being so readily available online it brought to light many important issues, like â€Å"this century made racism a shameful practice; recognized gender oppression as a social evil; proclaimed human rights as transcending race, caste, and religion; pleased for international economic justice; began to celebrate diversity and to care for the disabled; and condemned exploitation of the young† (23). This is one major example of how technology has impacted society in a positive way. Ojeda, Auriana. Technology and Society: Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven, 2002. Another way technology and science benefited our communities and lives would be computers. Computers have become a household appliance. Computers have had an impact on society in a positive way because they play a big part of how technology is used. For example, the computer has transformed civilization. It also serves as a device where it can store and organize a lot of information. Also, the computer has many functions. You can transfer files, download, and upload files at a faster pace, which can save you a lot of time. â€Å"They not only think and follow commands but can make decisions, draw, design, scan labels, automate industries, calculate, translate, communicate, and more†(31). This shows how very effective the computer has been in society by being almost replicas of our mind. Another way computers show a positive effect on society is through the Internet. The internet is a very helpful form of communication. Communication has shown many examples of having a positive effect on society as well. Like, being able to search for a job, talk to loved ones far away and run businesses from home. One way that technology has had a positive effect on society would be represented  through the use of telecommunication. Telecommunication can prove that it has had a positive effect on society by showing how people can communicate easier. Such as ways that would be shown in cellular phones. â€Å"In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell transmitted his voice across eight miles over a wire† (32). Which shows an example of how telecommunication has started to have the influence it does now in society. OShaughnessy, Michael, and Jane Stadler. Media Society. South Melbourne, Vic.: Oxford UP, 2008. It shows from having another person’s voice traveling across eight miles over a wire to communicate easier with another person. That shows how cellular phones have had a big impact on society as well from starting out as a voice being transmitted in a faster way with a more advanced way by the use of physics, and electromagnetism. Another way that communication can show a positive effect on society would be how people communicate on the internet by websites such as Twitter, Facebook, Skype and etc. Communication has a major factor of having a positive effect on society. As you can see, not only have cellular phones can be shown to be proven a positive effect on society through telecommunication but, also through how technology resources can be shown as a great equalizer for education at Schools. Education at Schools has had positive changes due to technology and science. The education system is always trying to find better ways to reach children and help them learn the best way they can, because of this people saw technology to be a powerful tool that could be effectively shown by teachers and families to a better the way students to learn. Proof of this can be stated that it can be a â€Å"challenge for educators in a more helpful way because it helps show more advances in technology resources which means new gaps open up in educating students, as quickly as the old ones are† (41). Since technology resources have had that positive impact on students and educators it has also shown how it became an obsolete faster than a textbooks that educators, such as teachers used. Which shows how education at Schools is seen in a positive way on society. OShaughnessy, Michael, and Jane Stadler. Media Society. South Melbourne, Vic.: Oxford UP, 2008. Television has also proven to have a positive effect on society. Television has had a positive effect on society by providing a lot of entertainment  throughout our entire day. Television has also helped people out in society by creating a lot of jobs for people in the world. It has also provided people with a lot of news and information that can benefit us every day. Tips for safety, recipes for meals, places to shop and more are all at our reach just by changing the channel. Also, the weather, and national emergencies all over the world are broadcasted as they happen to keep us in touch with the rest of the world. Television has impacted society by showing people all around the world problems that other countries and cultures go through almost every day and how they all live. It has opened people up to the world and beyond. It helps make the world better, which is a big positive impact of science and technology. The internet has also influenced a positive effect on society also. One way the internet would prove to show how it has influenced a positive effect on society would be proven through how everybody uses social media. Social media has proven to be one of the biggest things that almost everyone uses almost every day. One of example would be how people use Facebook. Facebook shows how the internet how to connect with your friends and how to post up anything you want. One example of how Facebook can help is if you need to contact a friend, or a family member. You can easily message them, and receive a message fast. Which shows how social media and the internet can influence society in a positive way. Not only has social media proved to be shown as a positive thing in society. But, so has the internet has also proved to be a positive effect in peoples life’s then just social media. One example of that would be shown in other websites such as YouTube, Gmail, AOL, Yahoo, Google, Twit ter, etc. These websites can also give you a variety in a lot of entertainment, and provide you a lot of news and a lot of information about places and what is going on around the world. For example, Gmail your school can give you updates through your e-mail account and you would be updated with what you need to know with the information a teacher, or staff member gives you. Another example would be YouTube. YouTube can influence society in a positive way by providing you a variety of different videos to watch and laugh from. Basically it can entertain you just like the Television can. But, in more of a way that you can specifically choose from. Also, with Google you can search up anything you want to know or need to  research about in the world and find out instantly. Google can affect people in a positive way by helping somebody find directions, or answer your questions. It can also help you if you don’t understand something in school, and you try to find out more about it on Google. These are some examples of how the Internet can really influence people all over the world in a positive way. Even though science and technology has had some negative effects on society the positive effects outweigh the negative. As you can see, there are many reasons, and many ways to prove how technology has a positive effect on society. Whether it is shown in examples of your computer, phone, game console, iPod, television, and many more other devices. Technology has influenced society in a lot of excellent ways and has advanced our way of living in many ways. In conclusion, technology can be shown to effect people in today’s society and throughout history in many positive ways with learning new things, entertainment, and also communication. Computers, Television, Cellular phones, the Internet, and social media have shown examples in how they impact a positive effect on society and how they help and provide a lot with what they can benefit in today’s society. These are some reasons as to why, Technology has had a positive effect in society, than a negative. Bibliography Ojeda, Auriana. Technology and Society: Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven, 2002. OShaughnessy, Michael, and Jane Stadler. Media Society. South Melbourne, Vic.: Oxford UP, 2008. Berlatsky, Noah. Social Networking. Detroit: Greenhaven, 2013. Semmelhack, Peter. Social Machines: How to Make Money with the Internet of Things.N.p.: Wiley Sons Canada, Limited, John, 2013.

The crusaders and muslims in palestine :: essays research papers

Crusaders and Muslims in Palestine   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout time, history has had a tendency to repeat itself. It has done so in good means as well as bad. People learn from the past and apply it to their every day lives. Although people try to do the right thing and not follow mistakes that have been already made, they just seem to come about. Today, our country is experiencing a situation that is extremely similar to the situation occurred in 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries. Crusades now can be defined as well all wars undertaken in pursuance of a vow and directed against infidels. Back in the middle ages, it was known as any military expedition undertaken by the Christians of Europe. The history of the crusades is filled with the mercilessness of the crusaders and the kind-heartedness of the Muslims. The Muslims were massacred everywhere the crusaders arrived, while the Christians were treated kindly by the Muslims. The Christians and the Muslims were fighting against one another in order to spread their relig ion, or end the other.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The event leading up to the start of the holy wars was the invasions of the Holy Land, Jerusalem. Jerusalem was a holy site for the Christians as well as the Muslims. For the Christians, it was a sacred place because Jesus was crucified and on the site where his body was placed in a tomb. They built a church of Holy Sepulchure which stands of the hill where Christ was believed to have been crucified, died, buried, and where he rose again. For the Muslims, this place was cared because they believed that the founder of their religion, Muhammad, was able to visit heaven from there. For that reason, they built many masques and the most famous one is the Dome of the Rock. Islam was spreading very fast. Europe’s greatest threat came from the forces of Islam. These threats became real. Battles broke out and these battles turned to wars that lasted from 1095 to 1229. These years of bloodshed were led by men of power to gain control over the Holy Land of Jerusalem. Jerusalem was extremely important to the Muslims and Christians at this time. Many religious events had happened there, and many of the landmarks of both religions were located in Jerusalem. It was all over for one city, Jerusalem the Holy Land. At first, Christians occupied Jerusalem. The Christian people head out from giving up their land to their invaders, the Muslims.

Arthur Millers a View from the Bridge Essay

During the years following World War 2 there was an influx of Italian immigrants to America. The USA’s relative wealth meant that the lower socio-economic groups migrated to America in search of a better life. Arthur Miller, the playwright, came from a family of Polish-Jewish immigrants who had lost much of their wealth during the 1929 depression. He had several menial jobs one of which was as a longshoreman in Brooklyn, where he heard many stories which were his inspiration for A View from the Bridge. Because A View from the Bridge is based on real life events, its themes are based on people’s experience of life in the post-war era, Love, Justice and honour. However, love is the downfall of one of the characters, Eddie, a hero who stands up for his beliefs in order to save Catherine, or so he believes. This theme is the perfect definition of a Greek tragedy to which the play can be compared. Alfieri has two functions in the play. He is both a character and a narrator. He breaks the ‘fourth wall† and communicates directly with the audience, summarising sections of the play and allowing the middle-class audience to interpret the working-class story. We are first introduced to Alfieri at the beginning of the play where he presents a monologue which also acts as a prologue. He talks about the play in the past tense referring to it as if it has already happened and he has â€Å"Watched it run its bloody course†. The use of the word â€Å"bloody† shows that violence is a recurring theme and also implies that there is a tragic end to it. He first takes off his hat to the audience as a sign of respect and even possibly reminiscence. â€Å"You see how uneasily they nod to me? That’s because I am a lawyer.† The rhetorical question explains the relationship between him and other people in the community. Because he represents American law people treat him suspiciously. However, the fact that he is a lawyer suggests that he is educated and for this reason is highly respected in his community. The way he speaks represents his education. Miller said that he wanted to make this play a modern Greek tragedy. Classical Greek tragedies included a ‘Greek Chorus’ which was a single actor or group of actors who were characters in the play but also stepped out of the action as a narrator, to comment on the action and communicate with the audience directly. Alfieri fulfils this function and is the equivalent of the chorus in several respects. Firstly he introduces the play and its themes. The audience is instilled with a sense of trust because if his use of Standard English and because he is a lawyer. Secondly he moves the play on, he retells events which have already happened. He gives details of places, dates and times, enabling the play to move on more quickly, without the characters having to give this information. His narration is also mixed with brief comments: â€Å"He was as good a man as he had to be†¦he brought home his pay, and he lived. And toward ten o’clock of that night, after they had eaten, the cousins came†. In this quote Alfieri is setting the time which moves the play on from the previous scene and also he is explaining Eddie’s persona, † a good man† He also explains aspects of the play, for example â€Å"his eyes were like tunnels,† suggests that Eddie can’t see the whole story, he only sees a part of it. This intimate understanding of what is going on allows him to bridge a communication gap between the middle-class audience and working-class characters, enabling the audience to form an understanding of the story and the emotions that the characters are feeling. Fate is one of a series of inevitable or predetermined events, for example in the play Eddie’s ultimate fate is to die, this is clear from the beginning. We also know that because of the fate of Eddie Alfieri is powerless to stop the tragedy. We know this when he says â€Å"As powerless as I†, Alfieri cannot control fate, however he can alleviate suffering. In Alfieri’s opening monologue Alfieri expresses the idea that tragedy is timeless: â€Å"in some Caesar’s year, in Calabria perhaps or on the cliff of Syracuse, another lawyer.† The use of the name â€Å"Caesar† an ancient emperor shows the idea that humans don’t change, a Tragedy is timeless and can apply to an Ancient era, and it harks back to the Greek theme.

Relationship of Neanderthals to Modern Humans

Relationship of Neanderthals to Modern Humans After extracting ancient DNA from the 40,000-year-old bones of Neanderthals, scientists have obtained a draft sequence of the Neanderthal genome, yielding important new insights into the evolution of modern humans. No other ancient people have aroused more controversy and confusion over the last century and a half than have the Neanderthals (3,4). There is an on-going debate as to whether they should be considered Homo sapiens.While the idea that modern humans originated in Africa and spread out to other parts of the world is widely accepted, several scenarios have been proposed to account for the replacement of neanderthal populations. The multi regional hypothesis holds that neanderthal populations in Eurasia and Africa were held together by gene flow. Fossil and genetic evidence supports an African origin for Modern Humans (1,3,5,9,10).A decade after scientists first cracked the human genome, researchers announced that they have done t he same for Neanderthals, the species of hominid that existed from roughly 400,000 to 30,000 years ago, when their closest relatives, early modern humans, may have driven them to extinction (1,3,5,9,10). Led by ancient-DNA expert Svante Paabo of Germany's Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, scientists reconstructed about 60% of the Neanderthal genome by analyzing tiny chains of ancient DNA extracted from bone fragments of three female Neanderthals excavated in the late 1970s and early '80s from a cave in Croatia (6,8).The bones are 38,000 to 44,000 years old. The genetic information turned up some intriguing findings, indicating, for instance, that at some point after early modern humans migrated out of Africa, they mingled and mated with Neanderthals, possibly in the Middle East or North Africa as much as 80,000 years ago (5,7,10). If that is the case, it occurred significantly earlier than scientists who support the interbreeding hypothesis would have expected. Com parisons with DNA from modern humans show that some Neanderthal DNA has survived to the present (3,4,7).Moreover, by analyzing ancient DNA alongside modern samples, scientists were able to identify a handful of genetic changes that evolved in modern humans sometime after their ancestors and Neanderthals diverged, 440,000 to 270,000 years ago (2,4). Researchers compared the Neanderthal genome with the genomes of five living people: one San from southern Africa, one Yoruba from West Africa, one Papua New Guinean, one Han Chinese and one French person (2,4,6).Scientists discovered that 1% to 4% of the latter three DNA samples is shared with Neanderthals — proof that Neanderthals and early modern humans interbred. The absence of Neanderthal DNA in the genomes of the two present-day Africans indicates that interbreeding occurred after some root population of early modern humans left Africa but before the species evolved into distinct groups in Europe and Asia (1,3,5,9,10). All stu dies of Neanderthal genomic DNA use material obtained from fossilized Neanderthal bones that are tens of thousands of years old.As one might expect, the quality of the material that can be recovered from such specimens is very poor, as DNA degrades over time. Consequently, there is wide variability in DNA preservation among available Neanderthal specimens, and most Neanderthal bones yield no usable DNA (2,3,4). When present, Neanderthal genomic DNA is recovered in short (50- to 100-bp) fragments (2,3,4) The information content of Neanderthal DNA is also degraded: Individual nucleotides are subject to chemical modification, with deamination of cytosine to uracil the most common lesion (2,4).Moreover, the fragments of Neanderthal genomic DNA are mixed with microbial contaminants that constitute >90% of the recovered DNA. The amount of DNA damage and microbial contamination are dependent on ambient environmental conditions: The ancient specimens that have provided the most intact DNA a re mammoth remains recovered from permafrost. These specimens often include preserved hair shafts and soft tissues from which relatively high-quality DNA can be recovered (2,4,5).None of the Neanderthal specimens providing the DNA for whole-genome sequencing approach this level of preservation (2,4,5,6). In addition to these challenges, ancient specimens frequently become contaminated with modern human DNA during handling and DNA extraction (2). This poses obvious problems for distinguishing modern human from Neanderthal DNA, since the frequency of single-base mismatches between the two genomes is estimated to be

Gay Marriage Was Never a Right. essays

Gay Marriage Was Never a Right. essays This article is one that I have to say that I agree and disagree with. Jason Fletcher makes a statement that Gay marriage was never legal so why and try and fight it. I am very much so as of now on the side of Gay rights. Only because this is a free country and I think that also includes that we are free to be married to whoever makes us happy. I don t agree with the statement that he make s that homosexual marriage puts the state in the position of saying that fathers and mothers are not necessary because two men or two women have the same status and legitimacy. Just because there may be a small majority out there that are choosing to live a life with the same sex does in no mean have to mean that fathers and mothers are not necessary. People should do what makes them happy and even if kids are involved in the relationship they will still get the same love as if it was mom and dad, in most cases. And kids are not dumb these days. They know that it s not normal but a kids loves th ere mommy and daddy s no matter what. I think they can comprehend the situation just fine. It all depends if the partners will take the time and explain it to them. But on the other hand I can see where he is coming from. Because it is in the bible that a man and a woman are meant together but it is also meant for you to be with the one that makes you happy. And you know that you know that they are the one. What ever makes you happy. I think that is what you should go for. I think that this is a thing that only God really knows the destiny and the right behind it, but as long as it is around, people should live with it and not let it turn into a discrimination. ...

A Brief History of the Clarinet

A Brief History of the Clarinet Most musical instruments evolve into their present form so gradually over many centuries that it is hard to pinpoint a date they were invented. This is not the case with the clarinet, a tube-shaped single-reed instrument with a bell-shaped end.  Although the clarinet has seen a series of improvements over the last few hundred years, its invention in around 1690 by Johann Christoph Denner, of Nuremburg, Germany, produced an instrument very similar to the one we know today. The Invention Although Denner based the clarinet  on an earlier instrument called the chalumeau, his new instrument made such important changes that it really could not be called an evolution. With the help of his son, Jacob, Denner added two finger keys to a chalumeau- which at the time looked much like a modern day recorder, though with a single-reed mouthpiece. The addition of two keys might sound like a small improvement, but it made an enormous difference by increasing the musical range of the instrument more than two octaves. Denner also created a better mouthpiece and improved the bell shape at the end of the instrument.   The name of the new instrument was coined shortly thereafter, and although there are different theories about the name, most likely it was named because its sound from a distance was somewhat similar to an early form of trumpet. (Clarinetto is an Italian word for little trumpet.)   The new clarinet with its improved range and interesting sound quickly replaced the chalumeau in orchestral arrangements. Mozart (d. 1791) wrote several pieces for the clarinet, and by the time of Beethovens prime years (1800 to 1820), the clarinet was a standard instrument in all orchestras.   Further Improvements Over time, the clarinet saw the addition of additional keys that improved the range and airtight pads that improved its playability. In 1812, Iwan Muller created a new type of keypad covered in leather or fish bladder skin. This was a great improvement over felt pads, which leaked air. With this improvement, makers found it possible to increase the number of holes and keys on the instrument.   In 1843, the clarinet was further improved when Klose adapted the Boehm flute key system to the clarinet. The Boehm  system added a series of rings and axles that made fingering easier which greatly helped, given the wide tonal range of the instrument.   The Clarinet Today The soprano clarinet is one of the most versatile instruments in modern musical performance, and parts for it are included in classical orchestra pieces, orchestra band compositions, and jazz pieces. It is made in several different keys, including B-flat, E-flat, and A, and it is not uncommon for large orchestras to have all three. It is even sometimes heard in rock music. Sly and the Family Stone, the Beatles, Pink Floyd, Aerosmith, Tom Waits, and Radiohead are some of the acts that have included the clarinet in recordings.   The modern clarinet entered its most famous period during the big-band jazz era of the 1940s. Eventually, the mellower sound and easier fingering of the saxophone replaced the clarinet in some compositions, but even today, a great many jazz bands feature at least one clarinet. The clarinet has also helped to inspire the invention of other instruments, such as the flutophone. Famous Clarinet Players Some clarinet players are names many of us know, either as professionals or well-known amateurs. Among the names you might recognize:   Benny GoodmanArty ShawWoody HermanBob WilburWoody Allen

Photography Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Photography Analysis - Essay Example The given picture shows two young children with the one appearing to be older carrying his younger colleague on his shoulders. The image was captured in the kitchen set up because there is a presence of sink, shelves, glasses, and cupboards. Even though the two boys are together, their facial expressions are showing contradicting statement. For example, the older boy is anxious and appears to be in a hurry of accomplishing the malicious action. This is the reason he focused his eyes wide focused on the direction of the door just to keep spying on who might be around. He also seems to be under pressure due to the weight of the boy that he is carrying on his shoulders. On the other hand, the younger boy seems relaxed and unaware of what is going on; he is just innocent as he portrays. However, the two boys seem like they had the intention of getting the toys that might have been hidden in the shelves. Therefore, we can agree with Malcolm, Janet. Diana & Nikon (1980): that The photograp h has been professionally captured with the inclusion of lines to add dynamic impact to the image in terms of mood as well as they direct the image`s observers into a picture. In this photo, the horizontal line is used on the right-hand side of the kitchen building to make the right angle with the shelve. It is used to indicate the sentiment of timelessness and sense of homeostasis. The layers of the horizontal lines present on the in the building wood creates pattern or rhythm making it the focus of attention. In that sense, the line produces peacefulness, a response, tranquility, and calmness. Vertical lines are designed to run up and down. They assist to stimulate feelings of strength, grandeur, dignity, and height. In this image, the two boys are the interpretation of the vertical lines and projecting the mood of stability.

Women religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Women religion - Essay Example This paper will encompass this aspect with regard to the work done by some of the brave women who stood up for this right and provided an insight in to this matter. During the Puritan Age, there was a religious belief that the sacred text of Bible could only be understood by the holders of the local ministries. It was further believed that only they possessed the right to explain the religious text to others as they were the only ones who interpret the true meaning of the Holy Book. The ministers were all men and hence only they had this ultimate right which led them to manipulate religious thoughts according to their ways. They suppressed women by presenting their thoughts that females did not have the capability of understanding religion and that females were subordinate to them. Anne Hutchinson was a brave lady who stood up against these barriers in this period of ignorance and started preaching religion with her own viewpoint. Anne Hutchinson stood for the fact that a person had the capability of linking directly to God and they were not supposed to depend upon others for explaining religion to them. To support this she claimed, " that god had spoken to her directly and not through the intermediary of properly appointed (and male) minister"1. She was of the belief that religion had no barriers and a person was only accountable to God for his actions and not others. This resulted in an uproar since this was an unusual thing in that time. Females were suppressed and they were not supposed to express their perspectives of understanding religion. This led the state to take action against her and the Governor of Massachusetts imposed a ban on her ceremonies where she openly declared and taught her beliefs to other women and she was asked to undergo a court trial. The governor criticized her by saying "by the general assembly as a thing not tolerable nor comely in the sigh of God, nor fitting for your sex"2. Th is statement clearly indicates the male

Does Kinaalda Ritual Have Lasting Impact on Person's Identity Essay

Does Kinaalda Ritual Have Lasting Impact on Person's Identity - Essay Example Today the ritual is fulfilled as in former times. Kinaalda is a rite of passage, any ritual or ceremony connected with the change of social status of the person or group of people, for example, burial, knighting, initiation, christening (in particular, fighting), etc. In this particular case a girl is initiated into the world of women. Rites of passage are not just ceremonies of moving from one approved state to the next but sometimes happened for attained statutes. As Keith (1964) described: "Kinaalda is a summary, or way of giving meaning to skills and values learned gradually in childhood". (p.35) In many collective cultures teenage years is a time to undertake appropriate social roles that are often related to tasks to family, kin, or tribe. Obviously, we described a ceremony that stand for attribution of a social identity unfolding that strengthens the vital feminine gender position in matrilineal way of life. The young woman takes part in rituals that make an impact on her role modelling (Changing women) who reflects the understanding of Navajo womanhood. It is the well-off expressiveness of rituals that induce improvement toward finest identity being a very exact ascription of a female identity. (Markstrom and Iborra 2003 p.418-419) The Changing woman was born by miracle and 4 d... Modelling of a body was a one of the most important parts of the ceremony. They say, that during this first ritual Kinaalda the changing woman herself modelled her body. It was done in order to honour the Sun and the Moon. The changing woman was "modelled" and got the perfect form. According to Markstrom and Iborra (2003), "the transition from preparation to separation and beginning of the rite of passage can be understood in psychological terms".(p. 412) It is shown in Erikson's (1968) statement: "Identity formation begins where the usefulness of identification ends" (p. 159). The ritual transformed the nature of social attitudes. In Kinaalda the young woman is not considered to be a child by the adult society but to be a full member. Therefore, the confirmation of her new position is of great importance. Those concerns that can appear again because of obtaining the liberty of this new position and new identity, but not yet having mastering role, are maybe facilitated by the new holding up of the group. As well it is accepted that girl in Kinaalda is beginning her way to adulthood and her family is expected to lead and direct her. Identify support happens during the next four days after the ritual in which the girl is to have some rest and reveal experiences. Such a break was compared to the rest on the seventh day in the Christianity. Identify reinforcement is shown in the act of giving the rinse water used in the ceremonial hair washing to the mother of the girl who took part in the ceremony. She is to pour it near their house so that her daughter would be drawn to home for all her life. The important issue to touch upon is the possible temporal effect of the ritual. It must not be forgotten that outcomes leading to the best identity shape

Development Of Psychological Thoughts In The Philippines

Development Of Psychological Thoughts In The Philippines It started during the 1980s. In the context of Philippine colonial education, Filipinos believe that scientific psychology came from the West. Murray Bartlett, an American established undergraduate psychology courses in the College of Education, University of the Philippines. American textbooks and English language were used as the medium of instruction. The good thing here is that literary writing was in Filipino language that was in dominance. Francis Burton Harrisons policy of attraction was also introduced during this time.  [1]   The works of del Pilar, Jacinto and Pardo de Tavera were rich sources of psychological theories even though they were propagandists and not psychologists. Even Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo mentioned the term Psicologos del verbo Tagalog in his speech. They were not title holders in Psychology but they still have this innate nature. The English language and the American system of Education were the instruments used. During the twenties American psychology teachers were replaced by Filipinos.  [2]   The Philippine objection to uncritical importation of Americans Psychological models challenged some of the Filipinos. The first attempt was done by Sinsiforo Padilla who took over from Alonzos position as a chairman at the University of the Philippines. Nevertheless, it was his colleague Manuel Carreon who took the cudgels for appropriate relevant psychological testing. 1926 he published in New York his Ph.D. entitled the Philippine Studies in Mental Measurement. The arguments he presented was valid but the his wrong move was he published it in English. Nobody listened to him because during that time most of psychologists were ahead and they administered American tests. Some understood part of Carreons message were modified to fit the Philippine context. change-apples-to-bananas  [3]   Isidoro Panlasigui identified the new culture of Psychology. The third generation of American brainwashed Filipino psychologists like Panlasigui. Due to this, Panlasigui admires America and it was clearly showed when he wrote about the psychology of the Filipino as he fought for the colonial language to be used. Alfredo V. Lagmay and his colleagues were sent to the United States not to neutralize the department. Lagmay studied Psychology in Harvard where he was trained in the area of Experimental Psychology. He came back to the Philippines during the poor unrest under Hukbalahap with Luis Taruc, as the head. During that time, the Department of Psychology in the University of the Philippines was part of the College of Education. It was then Lagmays first move to transfer it to the College of Liberal Arts by changing the educational point of view to a more scientific basis of orientation. Experimental Psychology is now an integral part of the undergraduate curriculum in Philippine schools and it was because of him. The U.P Department of Psychology was perceived as behavioral orientation form the 50s up to early 70s. His students continued some remarkable and significant studies in the field.  [4]   The History and Lines of Filiations in Philippine Psychological Thought Psychology-Academic This aspect of psychology became part of university curriculum under Francisco Benitez during 1922. It was first taught in the University of the Philippines as a part of the education curriculum. This is the period wherein several studies in psychology such as Experimental Psychology, Educational Psychology and Psychology of Advice Giving were introduced. It was said that the Western Psychology first entered the UP system but it was spread widely in UST (University of Sto. Tomas) and University of San Carlos in Cebu. During the year of 1954, Joseph Goertz established the Department of Psychology and used English as the medium of teaching. On the other hand, in the midst of its growth in Manila this discipline was also introduced as a course in the University of St. Louis in Cordillera. It was facilitated by Fr. Evarist Louis a missionary priest.  [5]   Psychology-Academic Philosophy However, Psychology-Academic Philosophy was established first at University of Sto. Tomas by Spaniards and improved by the Jesuits. This aspect was older than the aspect mentioned before. It started and founded in many universities like UST (University of Sto. Tomas) and other Spanish institutions like San Ignacio and San Jose. In such institutions the medical and philosophy courses started. The ideas and written records on that time were seen to be related to Psychology. In a deeper analysis those can contain the way of life before. It includes the language , how the indio perceive the concept of self ,its criticisms and the activities of the ancient civilization. Ethnic Psychology The third aspect of Psychology known as Ethnic Psychology. It originates from the Filipinos and through the influence of other countries. It is not only older but also much complicated compared to the previous aspects. It has many strands to be entangled and one of those is the psychology that came from the Filipinos themselves. An indigenous psychology that is owned or influenced by other countries. The language is a cone attributing factor especially those activities that can show the collective experiences of Filipinos. The works of Jose Rizal and Isabelo de los Reyes were consisted of Filipino Psychology and it was greatly connected to the Psycho- Medical Psychology of our forefathers.  [6]   Social Psychology The study of Social Psychology is defined as a systematic study of the nature and causes of human social behavior. Primarily, its concern is about human social behavior. It includes a lot of matters regarding the individuals impact on other people, the processes of social interaction and the relationship that exist between individuals in the society. It is not just concerned with the nature of social behavior but also with its causes. The study seeks to unravel the reasons and pre conditions of social behavior. It also depicts the analysis of social behavior in a dynamic way. It relies on methodologies, findings, experiments and surveys. In asking what the study is all about its 4 main concerns were also considered as a means of knowing it clearly. Basically it is about the impact that one individual has on another, the impact that a group has on its members then vice versa and the impact of a group to another group.  [7]   In the context of the discipline in a working definition. Psychologists focus their attention in understanding the behavior of individuals within the context of society. It is primarily concerned with the understanding of the how and why individuals behave, think and feel as the way they do. In dealing with behavior we mean feelings and thoughts as well as overt actions.  [8]   Consequently, it is defined as a scientific study of how a persons behavior, thoughts and feelings are influenced by several factors that can be real or imagined in the form or the presence of others. The field looks at behavior and mental processes including the social world in which we exist, as we are surrounded by other whom we are connected and by whom we are influenced in so many ways. It focuses on influence.  [9]   The definition of Social Psychology in the Filipino context was explained through the interview that I have conducted. According to Ms. Leslee Natividad from the Department of Social Sciences, University of the Philippines, Los BaĠos ,when I asked her what is the role of Filipino Social Psychology in the deeper understanding of Filipino behavior? She gave me a definition to answer the question . First we have to define first what Social Psychology is soà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Social Psychology is the study of how individuals affect the society and how the society is affecting the individual .If were going to relate Filipino into that on how the Filipino is affected by the society that we have here in the Philippines and maybe in the world in general. Now the world and the Philippine society affect the Filipino individual. As a person, everything that we are experiencing around us. Things that we are seeing, things that we are hearing, things that are affecting each and every moment of our lives that is part of Filipino Social Psychology. All of our behavior is shaped by the kinds of experiences that we have.  [10]   3 Main Areas of Social Psychology Social Influence It is the way in which other people affect our behavior. It is a process through which the presence of others can directly or indirectly influence an individual. These are ways in which other people affect our behaviors through thoughts and actions. How we are raised by certain people to whom we interact can affect our behavior. It varies with Conformity, Compliance and Obedience. Conformity which pertains to the changing of ones own behavior to more closely match the actions of others, Several studies suggest that individuals will change their behavior to conform to those of the group. They can be influence by private vs. face-to-face contact Plus, the gender and culture. Compliance is the act of changing their behavior due to another person or group asking them to change. Particularly, it happened when there is absence of authority and power. Obedience is also a way of changing behavior at a direct order of an authority figure. Social Cognition It is defined as the ways how people thinks about other people and how they act toward other individuals. It varies because of attitudes which consist of the way a person feels and thinks as well a person behaves. Impression formation is also a part of cognition which is forming the first knowledge or judgment about a person seen for the first time. Attribution is the process of explaining self behavior or others. They use this to make sense of the social world through mental processes.  [11]   What was once called the objective world is a sort of Rorschach ink blot, into which each culture, lack system of science and religion, each type of personality, reads a meaning only remotely derived from the shape and color of the blot itself.In this aspect of judgment of are beauty are based on the way we think about things. There is no universal concept or characteristics of people and object that are beautiful for them. Whatever we see around us is as much the sum total or our biases, thoughts and feelings as it reflects what physically exist. Those perceptions are active process of selecting, organizing and interpreting various bits of information so that we can create our reality.  [12]   Social Interaction It is a way of knowing the positive and negative aspects of behavior. It is the area of Social Psychology which involves interaction and relationship between people. It includes prejudice which happens when an individual holds an unsupported and negative attitude towards other members of the society. It also varies with discrimination as treating people differently because of prejudice. Liking and loving, aggression were also developed here.  [13]   The liking and loving in our society known as interpersonal attraction is widely observed. Each one of us is attracted to some personalities in our society. It can be influenced and proved by the similarities, position, physical appearance and familiarity of both sexes  [14]  . The nature of aggression involves hurting others. It has been defined as any form of behavior directed towards the goal of harming or injuring another living being who is motivated to avoid such treatment. (Baron and Richardson, 1993) According to psychologists they have identified three types of aggression. Firstly, is the Person-oriented aggression wherein the main goal is intentionally hurt someone. Secondly, is Pro active aggression when an aggressive behavior is done to achieve some desired outcome like gaining possession of an object. Lastly, is Reactive aggression is the reaction of an individual to an aggressive act.  [15]   In a positive way one of the best examples of pro social behavior is Altruism. It is a helping behavior that is costly to an altruistic person. It is a desire to help even there is no possible reward. It is always expected to depend on empathy. Empathy is the ability to share emotions and understand another person.  [16]   Projects of Filipino Psychology The first project is to develop indigenous psychological concepts. Ethnic concepts and theories can be translated into another language but deviations in meaning will occur especially with respect to location. There were some concepts that Filipinos exhibited and some foreign researchers tried to analyze and study. The first was the concept of Shame or Hiya which was studied by Frank Lynch in 1961. Sibley during the 1965 analyze this behavior. During 1981 Salazar studied it thoroughly and said that it was a complete societal feeling that is not only passive but also active. He showed the external aspects hiyain, ikahiya at manghiya and also the internal aspect that involves the feelings and emotions like the act of kahiya hiya and mahiyain. The second concept was Fatalism or Bahala Na. Bostrom in 1968 was the first psychologist that become inquisitive about this Filipino behavior. He compared it with American Fatalism but in Filipino Psychology it has a different orientation. Before , Osias explained way back the 1940s that bahala na attitude is the combination of fatalism and determinism. On the other hand Lagmay corrected it and said that for him it is not about fatalism it is more of determination and courage to face unguaranteed times. Lastly, is the concept of Utang na Loob which was translated by Charles Kaut into English known as debt of gratitude. Enriquez disagreed and Holnsteiner gave his opinion that utang na loob is contractual.  [17]   The second project is utilization of indigenous research methods. The role of Santiago and Enriquez in building a concept of Filipino oriented research was very important. They suggested a model to be used in research. The model will serve as a guide of researchers of indigenous ways. It was divided into two scales. First is used in knowing the idea and diwa of an member of a society. It includes Pagmamasid, Pakikiramdam, Pagtatanung- tanong, Pasubok, Pagdalaw dalaw, Pagmamatyag, Pagsubaybay, Pakikialam at Pakikilahok. The other scale is for the researchers to know what will be the future or end of their study. They use several stages such as Pakikitungo, Pakikisama, Pakikisalamuha, Pakikibagay ,Pakikisangkot at Pakikiisa The third project is to create an authentic and appropriate social scientific psychology. In the deeper analysis of constructing a real version of social psychology social behavior is a must. The society of Filipinos revolves smoothly because of their Pakikisama and Pakikipagkapwa. In dealing with both concepts it has been discovered that between the two pakikipagkapwa is more important for Filipinos. It has a more deeper sense and implication. It means treating other people as fellow man. In English the context was changed. The word other perceiving the self and other self in an individualistic way.  [18]   The Bases of Filipino Psychology Primarily, Prior knowledge of Psychology was the first basis of Filipinos for it involves important parts of Filipino Social Psychology. The knowledge of psychology Babaylan or Catalonan for the native Filipino people was an important part of Filipino Psychology. The Babaylan was the first Filipino psychologists. Aside from this were the prayers and whispers of various ethnic groups in the Philippines. Those were rich sources and stream of Filipinos prior knowledge of Psychology. We were also used in the psychology of the Filipino literature, even if it was expressed in oral or written way. It includes proverbs, stories and legends. The values and attitudes that Filipinos inherited were significant bases of Psychology. It includes most of Ethnic Psychology.  [19]   Man and his Thoughts The second is the basis of man and his thoughts and it denotes giving importance to man and his or her ideas. This is where Filipino Psychology and Psychology in the Philippines met. Filipino psychology was a part and always been a part of the worlds psychology. This basis has a clear influence of rational psychology that has been developed and improved in the University of Sto. Tomas. This was considered as traditional philosophy rooted in the ideas of Descartes and written works of Aristotle. Psychology is an aspect of Filipino Psychology as an academic discipline in some universities in the Philippines.  [20]   Period of changing mind It was the third basis because it is associated with Filipino personality. There were a lot of bases seen in this period. Particularly, this basis was evident in the written works of some Filipino writers like Pedro Serrano Laktaw and Isabelo delos Reyes. Even before the psychology of language was seen in written outputs produced by Filipinos. It somehow showed the shallow orientation of Filipino in terms of experiences in researching and conducting studies. Filipinos should not dampen their spirits instead they should hope for some improvements. Period of giving value to societal problems The time of giving importance to societal problems was the fourth basis because this serves as a witness of the society. Hartendorp is one of the American psychologists who become interested in our Psychology. The theory of Osias in 1940 is about the relation of language to the society and in connection of the knowledge of paralanguage in the actions of the individuals. However, his period is also the time of some Filipino psychologists. In such a way Filipino Psychology have this sure basis and it includes the works of Isidoro Panlasigui, Sinsiforo Padilla and Alfredo Lagmay who all gave importance to the acts and capabilities of an individual.  [21]   Societal problems Problems in the society were the fifth bases because it gave value for improvement and development. Aldaba- Lim is known for giving high value in societal problems. He often encourages Filipino psychologists to listen to the problems of the society. All doubts in his dedication will vanished if a person will examine all his efforts and contribution in some of his researches in Psychology. The period of Activism served as a witness of this basis. Language, culture and Point of view Language, culture and Point of view were the sixth bases because it is the most fundamental of all bases.Filipino language and dialect is very significant because it is a witness in the many studies conducted and translated into foreign language. The field must still use medium, system and ways to guarantee the wide scope of study. Regarding culture there are none or very few Filipinos who still doubt about the language and culture of the Philippines. According to some professors and psychologists there was this acquiescence effect in the can be seen in a scale used and answered by Filipinos. The American perspective was used in analyzing this. It must be done primarily in a Filipino oriented point of view.  [22]   The Concept of Language The concept of local language as a source of concept for Filipinos is a helpful tool because it gives a clear connection to their culture. Language is not just one effective way of communication but also a rich source of information. It is an affluent basis for the better understanding and orientation of culture. It is suggested to formulate a certain Filipino concept from the broader and wider scope it has. Language is the primary source in the study of Social Psychology of Filipinos. The native language is a rich source of concepts meaningful for and significant to the local culture. As a source of insight, some concepts were proven to be important in understanding the Filipino personality, worldview and behavior. Some of those were the concepts of hiya(shame), utang na loob(debt of gratitude) , pakikisama(yielding to the will of the leader or the majority, bahala na (fatalism) and amor propio (sensitivity to personal affront) which even some American psychologists attempted to study those.The problem with the token use of Filipino psychological concepts in the context of a western analysis is that it can lead to the distortion of Philippine social reality and can affect the education of Filipinos.It still preferable to use the language as a main resource.  [23]   Most Filipinos speak Filipino, the national language; and English, the language for commercial and legal transactions. The Philippines is the worlds third largest English-speaking country, after the United States and the United Kingdom. Literacy rate is a high 96%.Approximately 111 languages and dialects are spoken in the country and most Manileà ±os speak at least one other dialect besides Filipino.  [24]   The Concept of Kapwa The concept of kapwa in Filipinos is an important aspect of Filipino social life. Kapwa is reflected because interaction among other individuals especially in the Philippines is an essential aspect of social life. Language reveals a lot about Filipino nature. For this reason, social interaction should be an evocative core of analysis in the process of classifying the concept of kapwa. The Filipino language in this notch, gives a conceptual division in several levels and modes of social interaction. Santiago and Enriquez identified eight in Filipino. The Levels of Interaction Interaction of Filipinos were categorized into levels namely pakikitungo (transaction/civility with), pakikisalamuha (inter-action with), pakikilahok (joining/participating), pakikibagay (in- conformity with/ in- accord with), pakikisama (being along with), pakikipagpalagayan/pakikipagmalagayang-loob (being in rapport), pakikisangkot (getting involved) and pakikiisa (being one with).  [25]   The concept of Kapwa as a shared inner self turns out to be very essential psychologically and philosophically speaking. While pagtutunguhan (dealing with/acting toward) is another term which can be used to refer to all levels of interaction. Besides, pagtutunguhan also connotes the most superficial level of interaction: the level of amenities while pakikipagkapwa refers to humanness at its highest level(Santiago,1976)  [26]   On the other hand aside from the concept of kapwa According to Russell, In 1922 there were several explanations in essay forms about the high Filipino Self Concept. One of the most ordinary is it being the character of race as Filipinos got from the Malays. In 1965 Fox said that this is a trait of Filipino culture that is paid to be in the social context because of its fortitude to produce close family ties. .  [27]   The Concept of Human Interaction The concept of Human Interaction includes the distinction between (Pakikisama or Pakikipagkapwa?) It is an essential part because it is very consistent in Filipinos. Aside from the good sides of interaction, previous work on Philippine values pointed our three evil characters in Philippine interpersonal relations. These are the walang pakisama (one inept at the level of adjustment); the walang hiya, (one who lacks a sense of propriety and the walang utang na loob, (one who lacks adeptness in reciprocating by way of gratitude. In a deeper analysis some studies were conducted, It was argued that pakikipagkapwa is more important for Filipinos. According to Enriquez, in spite of the fact that western psychology works in the Philippines, the use of Filipino has led to the identification of the value pakikipagkapwa which is more important that pakikisama. The barkada (peer group) would not be happy with the walang pakikisama but the Philippine society at large cannot accept the walang kapwa tao. Pakikipagkapwa is both a paninindigan (conviction) and a value. It includes all the other mentioned modes and levels of interaction. Pakikisama is a form of pakikipagkapwa but not the other way around. In fact pakikisalamuha is even closer than pakikisama in meaning to pakikipagkapwa.  [28]   Application of Filipino Social Psychology Filipino Culture The Social, Political, Ideational dimensions are diverse into aspects which were exhibited by Filipinos. The study of the customs and beliefs of Filipinos serves as a function of social and economic dimension of Filipino culture. The Philippine culture is such very rich. It was very evident in the following ways. In courtship and marriage most of the Filipinos regard this as a process of love as a parental affair. The marriage is the family affair which is measured as a success based on the number of children. Filipinos also believe in Babaylans and Catalonan which were said to posses supernatural powers to supplicate God. They were also fond of charms and they believe that when they perform their rites particularly on the Good Friday they will gain magical powers like anting-anting, lucky cards, stones and other stuffs. As a part of their social life they celebrate feasts to commemorate important events like Fiestas, Holy Week, New Year, Christmas and etc. It really played an essen tial role in the economic security and social solidarity of Filipinos. They are also known for their superstitious beliefs which are greatly connected to their rituals and ceremonies. In connection to supernatural beings they follow these beliefs to avoid bad luck. It was seen in birth, illness and death which control the psyche of Filipinos. In religion when Christianity was introduced by Spaniards, it became a driving force to the life of the Filipinos. They were also thoughtful especially when someone is sick and in need. They are afraid of what other people might say. Some of their practices include giving dowry, carrying of guns, choice of padrino and carrying bow and arrows, sibat and kris. During the time of our ethnic groups laws were also made with regards to property ownership an settling arguments.  [29]   Filipino Values Filipinos use values to fill the demand for democracy. The Filipinos are known to be hospitable. But aside from this trait, there are many other values that the Filipinos possess which help them live harmoniously with their neighbors. These have also made the Filipinos appealing towards others due to their pleasant demeanor. The following are some of the Filipino values such as Bayanihan is the creation of an association with neighbors and helping whenever one is in disastrous need. Close Family Ties are something the Filipinos are well-known for. The primary social welfare system for the Filipino is the family. Many Filipinos live near their family for most of their lives, even as independent adults. Pakikisama or harmony, involves getting along with others to preserve a harmonious relationship. Hiya is shame and a motivating factor behind behavior. It is a sense of social decency and compliance to public norms and behavior. Filipinos believe they must live up to the accepted standa rds of behavior and if they fail to do so they bring shame not only upon themselves, but also upon their family. Utang na Loob or Debt of Gratitude, is owed by one to a person who has helped him great. There is a local saying: Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinanggalinangan ay hindi makakarating sa paroroonan, meaning, One who does not look back o where he started, will no get to where he is going.Amor Propio is concern for self image. Filipinos believe that how they present themselves to others is an important aspect to be accepted in society. Delicadeza or sense of propriety refers to sensitivity regarding the limits of proper behavior or ethics in a situation. Filipinos try to avoid even the appearance of impropriety. Palabra de Honor or word of honor is very important to the Filipinos. They believe that one must keep their word whenever they make a promise for the person to whom one has made a promise will count on it.  [30]   Filipino Family The study of Filipino Family is valuable because they value family relationship. In a traditional Filipino family, the father is considered the head and the provider of the family while the mother takes responsibility of the domestic needs and in charge of the emotional growth and values formation of the children. Children see their mot

Speech and Language Disorders -- essays papers

Speech and Language Disorders Communication is very crucial in life, especially in education. Whether it be delivering a message or receiving information, without the ability to communicate learning can be extremely difficult. Students with speech and language disorders may have â€Å"trouble producing speech sounds, using spoken language to communicate, or understanding what other people say† (Turkington, p10, 2003) Each of these problems can create major setbacks in the classroom. Articulation, expression and reception are all essential components for communication. If a student has an issue with articulation, they most likely then have difficulty speaking clearly and at a normal rate (Turkington, 2003). When they produce words, they may omit, substitute, or even distort sounds, hindering their ability to talk. Students who lack in ways of expression have problems explaining what they are thinking and feeling because they do not understand certain parts of language. As with all types of learning disabilities, the severity can range. Two extreme cases of expression disorders are dysphasia and aphasia, in which there is partial to no communication at all (Greene, 435, 2002). Individuals can also have a receptive disorder, in which they do not fully comprehend and understand information that is being given to them. They can experience problems making sense of things. â€Å"Children may hear or see a word but not be able to understand its meaning† (National Institutes of Health, 1993, p1). Whether children have difficulty articulating speech, expressing words, receiving information, or a combination of the three, there is no doubt that the tasks given to them in school cause frustration. These children experience anxiety when... ... CLD info sheets: assistive technology. Council for Learning Disabilities. Retrieved on April 24, 2005, from http://www.cldinternational.org/c/@CS_yKIo7l8ozY/Pages/assistive.html This page provides an in-depth look at assistive technology available for learning disabilities. The site is an outlet for students with learning disabilities. Croal, N. (2004 September 27). This is serious fun. Newsweek Magazine. Retrieved on May 1, 2005, from http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6100258/site/newsweek/ This article looks at a new type of video game that is actually beneficial, in that it aides’ students with learning disabilities such as ADHD. Page, C. (2005, April 26). Critics leave behind no alternative for education reform. The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved on April 29, 2005, from http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/opinion/oped/bal-op.page26apr26,1,7395434.story